Zymomonas mobilis is a parthenogenetic anaerobic Gram-negative bacillus with many unique physiological characteristics and excellent industrial production properties. It is the only microorganism known to be able to utilize the entner-doudoroff (ED) pathway under anaerobic conditions, and it has excellent properties such as high sugar uptake, ethanol yield, and ethanol tolerance. It has been emphasized in recent years as a cellular factory for bioenergy production from cellulosic biomass biorefineries. Thus, Zymomonas mobilis has great potential as a high-performing Bacterial Chassis Cell for the Production of biochemicals.
At CD BioGlyco, we conduct a range of research on Zymomonas mobilis including physiological, genetic, and metabolic engineering modifications, and provide a specialized Zymomonas mobilis engineering service to broaden its substrate utilization and product generation.
Fig.1 The process of Zymomonas mobilis engineering. (CD BioGlyco)
When adapting Zymomonas mobilis, the two main approaches can be categorized as random and rational design.
Random mutagenesis is a method of positive genetic modification. Specific methods include physical mutagenesis, chemical mutagenesis, transposon mutagenesis, and so on. We screen for specific mutants after mutagenesis.
Among them, transposable factors on suicide vectors can be used to mutate the Zymomonas mobilis chromosome and construct stable Zymomonas mobilis strains.
Chemical mutagens such as nitrosoguanidine, (NTG), caffeine, and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) can be used to mutate the Zymomonas mobilis genome and obtain strains with better properties.
Rational design is the transfer of candidate biological components, logical circuits, and metabolic pathways into chassis host cells or direct modification of chassis cells based on cognition or conclusions inferred from learning from systems biology data, and is often achieved using methods such as plasmid overexpression or gene editing.
Expression of endogenous and exogenous genes in Zymomonas mobilis using vector plasmids is a common approach.
Multiple DNA fragments based on scarless ligation technology provide multi-gene, multi-pathway assembly.
Homologous recombination provides for the construction of multiple genetically inactivated strains.
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas technology is a powerful tool for multiple genome modifications such as gene deletion and replacement, in situ modification, large fragment deletion, and simultaneous multiple gene editing.
Plasmids derived from Escherichia coli and Zymomonas mobilis are integrated to obtain a shuttle plasmid that replicates in both Escherichia coli and Zymomonas mobilis, such that the plasmid exists and propagates in both hosts.
A host-wide plasmid based on Gram-negative bacillus with replicons and mob genes that are all recognized within Gram-negative bacillus for transformation into Zymomonas mobilis using a splice transformation assay.
The above two plasmids contain replicons for replication in Escherichia coli/ Gram-negative bacillus and Zymomonas mobilis, specific resistance screening genes as well as enzymatic cleavage sites to efficiently construct the Zymomonas mobilis metabolic pathway.
Simultaneous characterization of the effects of multiple conditions on strain growth by establishing a micro growth monitoring system in Zymomonas mobilis.
In combination with the use of fully automated screening technology, it can be used for rapid and automated screening of modified dominant strains.
Application of biosensing-based high-throughput screening technology to Zymomonas mobilis enables isolation of candidate strains of Zymomonas mobilis.
Technology: Genetic recombination
Journal: Biotechnology for Biofuels
IF: 6.3
Published: 2020
Results: In this research, the authors successfully constructed a variety of isobutanol-producing recombinant Zymomonas mobilis strains by testing the effect of isobutanol on Zymomonas mobilis. Based on the experimental results, the authors found that Zymomonas mobilis was able to grow normally in lower concentrations of isobutanol. However, when the isobutanol concentration was higher than 16 g/L, the growth of Zymomonas mobilis was inhibited. In addition, Zymomonas mobilis required the integration of a gene encoding 2-ketoisovaleric acid decarboxylase for isobutanol production. In contrast, when a tetracycline-induced promoter-driven gene was knocked into Zymomonas mobilis, isobutanol production was significantly enhanced. Finally, this research also provides a strategy to utilize the valine metabolic pathway for the production of other pyruvate-derived biochemicals in Zymomonas mobilis.
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