Creating Carbohydrate Antigen, Building Immunity

Carbohydrate antigens are a class of tumor-related biomarkers that play a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis. In addition, carbohydrate antigens are effective in diagnosing and monitoring cancer and provide specific targets for therapeutic interventions. Therefore, carbohydrate antigens are important in cancer research and clinical diagnosis.

Synthetic Biology-based Carbohydrate Antigen Production Service at CD BioGlyco

The production of carbohydrate antigens is a complex process that usually involves biosynthesis or chemical synthesis. At CD BioGlyco, we rely on our deep knowledge of biology to provide our clients with high-quality carbohydrate biosynthesis services.

• Bioextraction

  The method is to extract the corresponding antigen from the fragmented bacteria, fungi, or cells. Depending on the type of bacteria, fungus, or cell, we offer a variety of fragmentation methods. Examples include enzyme treatment, freeze-thawing, ultrasonic fragmentation, and surfactant treatment.

  First, we make a homogenate of broken tissue or cells. Next, a hot phenol solution is added to it for antigen extraction. After that, it is centrifuged at high speed and the residue is separated. Finally, the residue undergoes a series of treatments such as dialysis and centrifugation to obtain the corresponding carbohydrate antigen.

• Enzyme synthesis

  Carbohydrate antigens are prepared by multi-step module assembly using simple monosaccharides as glycosyl donors. In each module assembly, glycan nucleotide synthesis-associated enzymes convert monosaccharides into nucleoside-activated glycosyl donors. These glycosyl donors are utilized by glycosyltransferases in the same module to attach to the non-reducing ends of the monosaccharides via glycosidic bonds. Complex carbohydrate antigens can be obtained by tandem use of enzymatic assembly.

  Meanwhile, we offer a variety of sources of glycosyltransferases based on the enzyme's differential recognition of antigens. For example, α-1,2-fucosyltransferases of mammalian and microbial origin are characterized by recognition of only the terminal galactose of the glycan chain and possess glycosidase activity. Microbial-derived α-1,3-N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase efficiently recognizes the H-glycan antigen receptor and can also be used for the synthesis of natural A-glycan antigens.

• Modification and transformation

  Already existing natural carbohydrate antigens can also be produced by modification or transformation. This can utilize genetic engineering techniques to add specific glycan groups, fatty acids, or other molecules to alter the properties of an existing antigen to produce the target antigen.

Here, we provide carbohydrate antigen production including but not limited to the

The scope of application of an antigen is highly dependent on its properties, and at CD BioGlyco we also provide our clients with carbohydrate antigen analysis services. For example, we offer Kjeldahl and spectrophotometric methods to determine the content of antigens; sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to analyze the molecular weight of antigens; zone electrophoresis to identify the purity of antigens; and bi-directional agar diffusion assay to identify the immunoreactivity of antigens.

Applications

• Carbohydrate antigens are used as tumor markers for monitoring and diagnosing tumors and cancers.
• Due to its immunological properties and biocompatibility, carbohydrate antigens can be used effectively in biological and pharmaceutical research and development.
• Carbohydrate antigens can be used in human immunity research because of their ability to strongly promote antibody production.

Advantages

• We have developed a one-stop process of biological synthesis of carbohydrate antigens to ensure that our clients' scientific needs are met.
• Our services cover a wide range of categories. We not only provide the production of natural antigens but also recombinant antigen production services.
• We provide custom carbohydrate production services according to the needs of our clients.
• Our synthetic biology technology is capable of mass production of almost all types of carbohydrate antigens.

CD BioGlyco has a long-term commitment to research in glycobiology, and we strive to provide reliable and efficient Production service to our clients. We have experts in the field of glycobiology and utilize advanced technology to ensure that our clients' needs are met. Please feel free to contact us if you have any related needs, our team is always ready to answer any questions you may have.

• HMO Production Service
• Natural Glycan Production Service
• Bioactive Ingredient Production Service
• Specific Glycan Molecule Production Service